How to handle utility connections for an ADU in Oakland?

Hello and welcome to the exciting journey of building an ADU in Oakland! Navigating utility connections can indeed be tricky, but with a structured approach, you can manage costs effectively while ensuring compliance with local regulations. Let's dive into your questions.

### 1. Utility Metering Requirements:
In Oakland, and more broadly in California, whether an ADU needs separate utility meters largely depends on the type and intended use of the ADU. Under California state law, specifically SB-13 and AB-68, local jurisdictions are encouraged to streamline ADU construction, which often includes flexibility around utility connections.

**Electricity and Gas:** You are not required to install separate meters for electricity and gas. Many homeowners opt to connect the ADU to the existing meters to save on installation costs. However, if you plan to rent out the ADU, separate metering might be beneficial for billing purposes.

**Water:** Similar to electricity and gas, a separate water meter is not mandatory, but it's worth noting that some homeowners choose to install a sub-meter to accurately track water usage, especially if the ADU will be rented out.

**Cost Considerations:** Installing separate utility meters can be expensive, ranging from $1,000 to $5,000 per meter, depending on the complexity of the installation and the distance from the main house. Sharing existing connections is the most cost-effective route.

### 2. Typical Process and Timelines:
**Process:**
- **Planning and Permits:** Start by consulting with the Oakland Planning Department to ensure your ADU plans comply with local zoning laws and building codes. Given recent state laws (like SB-9), many restrictions have been relaxed, but local nuances still apply.

- **Utility Assessment:** Engage with a licensed contractor or an ADU specialist to assess your existing utility capacities and determine the feasibility of sharing connections. They can provide a detailed plan and cost estimate.

- **Connection Work:** Once the building permits are approved, work on utility connections can begin. This involves trenching for new lines if separate meters are required or simply extending existing lines.

**Timelines:** The utility connection process can vary widely based on the complexity and the demand for city inspections. Typically, you can expect:
- **Permitting:** 2-4 months
- **Utility Work:** 1-2 months, depending on contractor availability and scope of work

### 3. Incentives and Fee Waivers:
Oakland and the state of California offer some programs to reduce ADU construction costs:
- **Impact Fee Waivers:** For ADUs under 750 square feet, many impact fees are waived, which can save you thousands of dollars.
- **State Grants:** California has offered grants (up to $25,000) to help offset ADU construction costs, including utility connections. Check with the California Housing Finance Agency for current availability.

### Additional Tips:
- **Consult with PG&E:** Before finalizing your plans, contact Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) for guidance on gas and electricity connections. They can provide insights into any potential upgrades needed for your home's main panel if you choose shared connections.
- **Trenching Costs:** If trenching is required for new lines, combine utility trenches to reduce costs. This involves using a single trench for all lines, which can save significantly on labor and materials.

- **Professional Advice:** Hiring an ADU consultant or contractor familiar with Oakland's specific regulations can streamline the process and prevent costly mistakes.

### Next Steps:
1. **Engage with a Contractor:** Find a local contractor experienced with ADUs in Oakland. They can provide a detailed plan and cost estimate for the utility connections.
2. **Consult the Oakland Planning Department:** Verify your plans comply with local zoning and building codes.
3. **Explore Incentives:** Check with the California Housing Finance Agency and local resources for any current incentives or grants.

Building an ADU in Oakland is a fantastic way to increase your property's value and contribute to the housing supply. By carefully planning your utility connections, you can manage costs effectively while ensuring a smooth construction process. Good luck, and don't hesitate to reach out if you have more questions along the way!